Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Pengawasan Fintech Lending untuk Perlindungan Konsumen di Era Keuangan Digital

Abstract

The growth of fintech lending, formally regulated in Indonesia as Information Technology-Based Joint Funding Services (LPBBTI), has expanded access to financing for consumers and businesses. At the same time, it has generated legal risks related to illegal online lending, misuse of personal data, non-transparent fees, and harmful debt collection practices. This article analyzes the role of the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervising fintech lending to strengthen consumer protection in the digital financial era. This study applies a literature review method using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected from laws, OJK regulations, OJK statistical publications, the LPBBTI roadmap, and scholarly articles on fintech lending and consumer protection. The findings show that OJK supervision should not be limited to licensing, but should be understood as a layered governance mechanism covering regulation, business conduct supervision, information transparency, complaint handling, enforcement against illegal entities, and consumer education. OJK Regulation Number 40 of 2024 and OJK Regulation Number 22 of 2023 provide a significant foundation for developing a healthier, more accountable, and consumer-oriented fintech lending industry. This article concludes that consumer protection depends on the integration of OJK supervision, provider compliance, public literacy, and inter-agency coordination against illegal online lending.