Dari For Your Page ke Formasi Akhlak: Dinamika Algoritma TikTok dalam Membentuk Self-regulated religious behavior Siswa MTs Miftahul Huda Pulosari Kediri

Nanda Ayu Pransischa; Sandi Ferdy Yulianto; Sufirmansyah

doi:10.32492/sumbula.v11i2.11211

Authors

Nanda Ayu Pransischa Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Wasil Kediri
Sandi Ferdy Yulianto Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Wasil Kediri https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2840-263X
Sufirmansyah Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Wasil Kediri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-6168

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32492/sumbula.v11i2.11211

Keywords:

TikTok, For You Page, digital algorithm, self-regulated religious behavior, moral formation

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the dynamics of the TikTok algorithm in shaping self-regulated religious behavior among students at MTs Miftahul Huda Pulosari Kediri. The focus of the research is directed toward the influence of religious content in the For Your Page (FYP) on the construction of religious meaning, self-regulation, and students' religious behavior. This article uses a qualitative approach with a case study design based on social constructivism. Data were collected thru semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and documentation of students and teachers who were purposively selected based on the intensity of TikTok usage and exposure to religious content. Data analysis was conducted thru data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was maintained thru triangulation, member checking, and audit trail. The research results show that the TikTok algorithm shapes students' religious experiences thru exposure to personal, repetitive, and engagement-based content. Religious content in the FYP tends to produce affective, fragmentary, and performative religiosity, thereby creating a tension between digital religious visibility and the internalization of religious values in daily life. This article also finds that students' self-regulation of religiosity is influenced by algorithmic exposure and social mediation of madrasahs. Theoretically, this article contributes to the development of digital religiosity studies thru the Algorithmic–Social–Cognitive Religious Formation (ASCRF) model, which explains the interaction between algorithmic systems, cognitive regulation, and social mediation in the formation of students' digital religiosity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm Ad-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2002.

AlMazaedh, Ismaael, Khalaf M Tahat, Mohannad Alkhalaileh, and Dina N Tahat. “Digital Religion in Platform Societies: Authority, Mediation, and Social Cohesion in Algorithmic Publics (2010–2025).” Frontiers in Sociology 11 (2026): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1802281.

Andersen, Jack. “Understanding and Interpreting Algorithms: Toward a Hermeneutics of Algorithms.” Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7–8 (October 2020): 1479–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720919373.

Cullen, Zoë Natalia, Angela Y Lee, Brenna Davidson, Jeffrey T Hancock, and Nicole B Ellison. “Not Just ‘For You’: How the Algorithmic Crystal Mediates Communication and Identity Work on TikTok’s FYP.” Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9, no. 7 (2025): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3757636.

De, Ankolika, Kelley Cotter, Shaheen Kanthawala, Haley McAtee, and Amy Ritchart. “‘Whoever Needs to See It, Will See It’: Motivations and Labor of Creating Algorithmic Conspirituality Content on TikTok.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9, no. 7 (2025): 1–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16851.

Feifei, Dong. “TikTok and the Transformation of Social Interaction.” International Journal of Communication and Society 7, no. 1 (2025): 14–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31763/ijcs.v7i1.1885.

Firmansyah, Firmansyah, and Mohamad Zaenal Arifin. “Agama Dalam Algoritma: Membaca Ulang Al-Qur’an Di Era Teo-Populisme Digital.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy 4, no. 2 (December 2025): 320–39. https://doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2025.4.2.320-339.

Fossa, Pablo, and Nicolás González. “What Can Gestures Tell Us About Vygotsky’s Findings?” In Latin American Advances in Subjectivity and Development: Through the Vygotsky Route, edited by Pablo Fossa, 7–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72953-0_2.

Gillespie, Tarleton. “The Relevance of Algorithms.” In Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, edited by Tarleton Gillespie, Pablo J Boczkowski, and Kirsten A Foot. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014.

Hermawan, Wanto, and Mahmudin Sudin. “Moral Education Approaches: Ibn Miskawayh And Imam Al-Ghazali.” Jurnal Hadratul Madaniyah 12, no. 1 (June 2025): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.33084/jhm.v12i1.9835.

Jungselius, Beata. “A Scoping Review of Current Research on Social Media Use among Children and Adolescents.” Discover Psychology 4, no. 1 (2024): 116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-024-00226-2.

Karaca, Melek, Oktay Bektas, and Aysegul T. Celikkiran. “An Examination of the Self-Regulation for Science Learning of Middle School Students with Different Achievement Levels.” Psychology in the Schools 60, no. 3 (March 2023): 511–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22776.

Kenrick, Douglas T, Steven L Neuberg, Vladas Griskevicius, D. Vaughn Becker, and Mark Schaller. “Goal-Driven Cognition and Functional Behavior: The Fundamental-Motives Framework.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 19, no. 1 (February 2010): 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721409359281.

Kitsantas, Anastasia, Héfer Bembenutty, Timothy J Cleary, Patricia A Alexander, Maria K DiBenedetto, Avi Kaplan, Athanasios Kolovelonis, et al. “Barry J. Zimmerman’s Enduring Legacy: The Inspiring Fusion of Self-Regulated Learning Theory, Practice, and Mentorship.” Educational Psychology Review 37, no. 3 (2025): 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10052-0.

Lambright, Kacee. “The Effect of a Teacher’s Mindset on the Cascading Zones of Proximal Development: A Systematic Review.” Technology, Knowledge and Learning 29, no. 3 (2024): 1313–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09696-0.

Miles, Matthew B, A Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd. Los Angeles: Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2014.

Miskawayh, Ibn. Tahdhib Al-Akhlaq Wa Tathir Al-a‘Raq. Beirut: Dar Sader, 1966.

Moeis, Isnarmi, Junaidi Indrawadi, Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo, Fatmariza Fatmariza, and Rika Febriani. “A Vygotskian Perspective On Multicultural Education: A Social-Based Learning Process In The Minangkabau Community, West Sumatra, Indonesia.” Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 14, no. 3 (2024): 478–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v14i3.1507.

Niklová, Miriam, and Dana Hanesová. “Religious Education as a Platform for Pupils’ Social Development and Prevention of Internet Addiction: The Case of Slovakia.” Religions, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050585.

Perez, Eva, Stefania Manca, Rosaura Fernández-Pascual, and Conor Mc Guckin. “A Systematic Review of Social Media as a Teaching and Learning Tool in Higher Education: A Theoretical Grounding Perspective.” Education and Information Technologies 28, no. 9 (2023): 11921–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11647-2.

Rahmani, Dr. Gulam Ali, Deepti Ganesh Korwar, Aparna Sharma, Sharyu Ikhar, Arvind Kumar, and Rajendra V Patil. “Human Values in the Digital Age: Visual Culture, Algorithms, and Shifting Moral Narratives.” ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 6, no. 5s (December 2025): 674–83. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v6.i5s.2025.6963.

Saurwein, Florian, and Charlotte Spencer-Smith. “Automated Trouble: The Role of Algorithmic Selection in Harms on Social Media Platforms.” Media and Communication 9, no. 4 (2021): 222–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4062.

Serttaş, Aybike, Hasan Gürkan, and Gülçicek Dere. “Synthetic Social Alienation: The Role of Algorithm-Driven Content in Shaping Digital Discourse and User Perspectives.” Journalism and Media 6, no. 3 (2025): 2–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6030149.

Taber, Keith S. “Mediated Learning Leading Development—The Social Development Theory of Lev Vygotsky.” In Science Education in Theory and Practice: An Introductory Guide to Learning Theory, edited by Ben Akpan and Teresa J Kennedy, 275–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81351-1_16.

Tkáčová, Hedviga, Andrea Leskova, and Mutallib Rashidovich Khazratkulov. “Critical Insights from Social Workers on Adolescents’ Engagement in Alternative Religious Movements: Media as a Problematic Socialising Environment.” Journal of Education Culture and Society 16, no. 1 (June 2025): 143–61. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2025.2.143.161.

Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich, and Michael Cole. Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard university press, 1978.

Yilmaz, Ihsan. “Scholars, Influencers, and Algorithms: Youth Encounters with Online Islamic Knowledge.” In Navigating Identity, Belonging and Power in Cyberspace: Young Muslims in the Anglosphere, edited by Ihsan Yilmaz, 151–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-4660-2_7.

Zimmerman, Barry J. “Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview.” Theory Into Practice 41, no. 2 (May 2002): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2.